The Gulag Archipelago, 1918–1956
1973 · English translation by Thomas P. Whitney, 1974
Solzhenitsyn's history of the Soviet prison-camp system, built from his own imprisonment and the testimony of more than two hundred other prisoners: arrest, interrogation, trial and the camps themselves.
In copyright, so these links are off: see Copyright, below.
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (1918–2008) called the book “an experiment in literary investigation”. He wrote it in secret, and it was first published in Paris in 1973. Its seven parts appear in three volumes. Volume 1 (Parts I–II) covers the “prison industry”: arrest, interrogation, and the system that moved prisoners through it.
Copyright
In copyright. The Russian text was first published in Paris in 1973, and Thomas P. Whitney's English translation of its first two parts by Harper & Row in 1974. Solzhenitsyn died in 2008 and Whitney in 2007. The text and the translation each have their own copyright.
- Held by
- Solzhenitsyn's estate (the Russian text) and HarperCollins, the successor to Harper & Row (the English translation)
- Public domain in the United States
- 1 January 2069 for the Russian text and 1 January 2070 for the English translation, 95 years after each was published
- Public domain in Canada
- 1 January 2079, 70 years after Solzhenitsyn's death in 2008 (the translation: 1 January 2078, 70 years after Whitney's death)
The dates are worked out from the publication dates and the authors' deaths. In the United States a book published before 1978 is protected for 95 years after publication, and a later one for 70 years after its author's death; in Canada a book is protected for 70 years after its author's death. Protection runs to the end of the year, so a book enters the public domain on 1 January.